Exploring the Rich Diversity of 6 Varieties of Oregano

Today, we dive into the captivating world of oregano, a flavorful and versatile herb that has charmed gardeners and chefs alike for centuries. With its enticing aroma and culinary prowess, oregano has secured its place as a must-have ingredient in kitchens around the globe.

In this blog post, I will introduce you to six delightful varieties of oregano and provide you with all the essential details on how to cultivate this herbaceous gem in your own garden. Let's embark on this flavorful journey together!

Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum):

Greek oregano, also known as wild marjoram, is a classic and widely recognized variety. It boasts a robust flavor and aroma, making it a staple in Mediterranean cuisine. Greek oregano thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, and it appreciates a slightly alkaline pH. This hardy variety is known for its ability to withstand heat, drought, and poor soil conditions, making it suitable for various gardening environments.

Italian Oregano (Origanum x majoricum):

Renowned for its mild and sweet flavor, Italian oregano is a popular choice among chefs and home cooks. It features larger leaves and a milder aroma compared to Greek oregano. Italian oregano prefers full sun and well-drained soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. It grows well in containers, herb gardens, or as a border plant, adding a touch of elegance to your outdoor space.

Mexican Oregano (Lippia graveolens):

Adding a touch of vibrant spice to your culinary creations, Mexican oregano is not botanically related to the Mediterranean varieties but shares a similar flavor profile. It offers a hint of citrus and mild heat, making it a perfect complement to Mexican, Tex-Mex, and Latin American dishes. Mexican oregano prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. This variety is quite drought-tolerant and can withstand hot and dry conditions.

Cuban Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus):

Cuban oregano, also known as Spanish thyme or Mexican mint, is a versatile herb with a distinctive flavor and aroma. While not a true oregano, it is a member of the mint family. It features broad, succulent leaves and an intense fragrance reminiscent of thyme and oregano. Cuban oregano thrives in full sun or partial shade and well-drained soil. It is easy to grow and can even be cultivated as a houseplant or in hanging baskets.

Golden Oregano (Origanum vulgare 'Aureum'):

For a touch of visual delight in your herb garden, consider golden oregano. This variety boasts striking golden-yellow foliage that adds a pop of color to your landscape. Golden oregano prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It provides the same aromatic flavor as other oregano varieties, making it an excellent choice for both culinary and ornamental purposes.

Cultivation Tips

To successfully cultivate oregano, regardless of the variety, here are some essential tips to keep in mind:

Location and Sunlight: Oregano thrives in full sun, although some varieties tolerate partial shade. Select a well-drained spot in your garden or use containers if space is limited.

Soil: Oregano prefers well-drained soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Amend heavy or clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.

Watering: Oregano is drought-tolerant once established. Water it deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Avoid overwatering, as oregano is susceptible to root rot.

Pruning: Regular pruning helps maintain the shape and vigor of oregano plants. Trim after flowering or during spring to encourage bushier growth and prevent legginess.

Harvesting: Begin harvesting oregano leaves when the plants are well-established. Harvest in the morning, after the dew has evaporated but before the sun becomes too hot. Cut sprigs from the top of the plant, leaving enough foliage for it to continue growing.

Remember, oregano thrives in well-drained soil, ample sunlight, and proper watering practices. With a little care and attention, you can cultivate this versatile herb in your own garden, allowing you to infuse your dishes with the vibrant essence of the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Mexico, or even your own unique blend.

So, whether you're crafting a Greek salad, preparing a tantalizing pizza, or experimenting with fusion cuisine, let the diverse world of oregano be your guide, and savor the delicious results!

 

Mistakes New Herb Gardeners Make

So you're thinking of herb gardening, or maybe you tried it last year and it was an utter disaster? Have no fear. There are a few simple mistakes that many herb newbies make (and I know, because I made most myself). Master these simple and practical tips for herb gardening and you'll be using your own fresh herbs in no time.

Fresh herbs are one of the greatest ways to increase the taste of your food healthfully. I often toss whatever leafy herbs are at hand liberally into a salad to add unexpected variations in flavor (basil, oregano and dill are all great choices). Fresh herbs can add punch to sauces or create intensely flavorful crusts for roasted meats. While fresh herbs are now regularly available at grocery stores year-round, growing your own herbs is a great way to master flavors you like and control the origins of your food. Growing herbs at home can be easy whether you live in a house in the suburbs or an apartment in the city.

Let it be known that one of the reasons I started to grow herbs was because they are much more resistant to diseases and infestations, but that still means you need to avoid a few mistakes to be able to enjoy them to the fullest. 

Don’t worry I am not going into soil pH, chemical make up of the soil or any of that.  Those discussions are for those who want to increase a harvest, not enjoy a few herbs in the backyard.  I have only tested my soil once or twice and once was because I was afraid it may have changed after a horrendous flood.

Mistake 1: Growing from seed. Many herbs are perennials rather than annuals (dill, cilantro and basil being exceptions) which means they take forever to mature and impatience can set in.  When you first start out trying to grow fresh herbs, I recommend you begin by trying to grow from seedlings rather than planting your own seeds. You can even grab a small plant at the grocery store to get you started.  Seeds grow slowly; some take weeks to germinate; others need precise conditions to sprout and grow.  All of these can be a headache for a new herb gardener, so skip it dive right in with plants.

Mistake 2: Starting with the wrong varieties. Choose herbs you enjoy eating, those that enjoy the weather where you live.  Don’t try something that says it likes cool weather if you, like me, live in Chicago.  Those hot days in late June will kill it.  Some plants can help you grow others.  Basil wilts if it does not get enough water, you can use it to gauge if you are watering all your plants enough.  Or choose scented geraniums, which love dry soil and will endure being forgotten rather well.

scented geranium

Mistake 3: Watering potted herbs like houseplants. It is better to water herbs daily only a moderate amount than to water once a week like a houseplant and let them dry out.  Houseplants love this, herbs require moderate and regular watering. This is particularly true during hot summer months. Make sure the soil drains well and that your containers have a drainage holes and it will be difficult to water herbs too much.

Mistake 4: Not cutting early and often. As a novice gardener, it may seem like your puny little plant just isn't ready for a trip to the barber, but then you will find yourself sitting there wishing for leaves without much success. Basil is a great herb to practice pruning. Basil, like many herbs, if you don’t trim aggressively it will continue to grow straight up, and become too tall and top-heavy. Clipping or pruning makes herbs bushy and causes them to produce more leaves.  It also keeps them from flowering.  You rarely, if ever, want your herbs to flower.  Flowering herbs lose flavor in the leaf when they produce flowers, giving you even more reasons to prune your herbs.

To prune you cut the herb just above a set of growing leaves. With basil, when you cut the plant that way, the originally trimmed stem will no longer grow. However, two new stems will grow around the original cutting, creating a “V” shape. 

Making your first trim approximately 3-4” above the soil produces a nice sturdy plant. Of course you want to be sure you are always leaving a few good sturdy leaves on the plant.

As it continues to grow, continue to prune it approximately every 3-4" for a nice solid plant. Your clippings make great bits of herb to experiment and cook with and result in more leaves to use later.

Mistake 5: Taking the leaves from the wrong place. When you are just starting out it seems to make so much sense to pick off a few big leaves around the bottom of the plant, and let those tender little guys at the top keep growing. Wrong. Leave those large tough old guys at the bottom alone. They are the solar panels that power your herb's growth. Once your plant is big enough to sustain a decent harvest, keep on taking from the top, as you have been when pruning. That way you get all those tender new herbs that are so tasty, and your plant gets to keep its well-developed solar power system in place. Plus, if you pluck from the base and leave the top intact, you get a tall skinny plant that will flop over from its own weight. (See rule above!)

Mistake 6: Growing the wrong variety. When choosing herbs, read the label carefully. For example, there are two main varieties of oregano: Mediterranean and Mexican. Mediterranean oregano is the more common variety, and what you likely own if you have conventional dried oregano in your cupboard. I have Mexican oregano growing in my personal garden. I love Mexican oregano in spicy dishes, for making beans from scratch, and often use it in tomato dishes where I don't want the flavor to seem too much like marinara. Similarly, there are several types of tarragon, French Tarragon and Russian Tarragon are the most common, however if you want a culinary tarragon then you want French which cannot be grown from seed and must be cultivated from root.  The first year it grows slowly then after that it springs from the root and gets more than 3 feet tall (see next rule).  The Russian variety is easy to propagate, drought tolerant and very often substituted for French, but the scent is not nearly as strong and the flavor for cooking is very limited.

Mistake 7: Being unaware of final size! If you are planting in soil instead of pots, take care that your cute little herb seedling doesn't become a giant plant that takes over your garden. A word of warning for oregano and mint: both can be voracious growers. If you are planting outside in a garden, rather than in pots, you may want to consider potting these herbs and then burying the pots in the ground. This will add a measure of control to the root systems of these herbs, which can otherwise take over a garden and strangle nearby neighbors. 

spreading spearmint

Mistake 8: Give yourself Rewards. There is an element to passion about herb gardening. To want to continue you need to feel rewarded. With herbs, finding uses and experimenting with new herbs and new uses can be that reward.  So don't stick too long with one or two herbs just because they work. Branch out to a few other basic herbs that you will use regularly in your kitchen. There are few things more rewarding than being able to pop out to garden to clip fresh herbs to use in my cooking. Once you have become comfortable with your first plant, I recommend moving on to try growing oregano, mint, rosemary and thyme. All are regularly useful herbs in the kitchen, and all are relatively easy to grow. 

Cuban oregano (with pansies)

A young woman in a Garden center near Burlington, WI introduced me to this year’s new herb. Cuban Oregano Plectranthus amboinicus, a semi-succulent perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae with a pungent oregano-like flavor and odor. It is native to Southern and Eastern Africa. It is widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere in the tropics where it is used as a traditional medicine, spice, and ornamental plant. I love the scent and cannot wait to try cooking with it.

Basil Perpetuo

I was also at a garden center and found a variegated Basil that I have wanted to try since I first wrote about it, Basil Perpetuo a beautiful basil with a great flavor for Pesto that I have been looking to buy as a plant since 2014, because I hate growing basil from seed!  You can read about this and other Pesto Basil in this post from 2014.