Exploring the Rich Diversity of 6 Varieties of Oregano

Today, we dive into the captivating world of oregano, a flavorful and versatile herb that has charmed gardeners and chefs alike for centuries. With its enticing aroma and culinary prowess, oregano has secured its place as a must-have ingredient in kitchens around the globe.

In this blog post, I will introduce you to six delightful varieties of oregano and provide you with all the essential details on how to cultivate this herbaceous gem in your own garden. Let's embark on this flavorful journey together!

Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum):

Greek oregano, also known as wild marjoram, is a classic and widely recognized variety. It boasts a robust flavor and aroma, making it a staple in Mediterranean cuisine. Greek oregano thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, and it appreciates a slightly alkaline pH. This hardy variety is known for its ability to withstand heat, drought, and poor soil conditions, making it suitable for various gardening environments.

Italian Oregano (Origanum x majoricum):

Renowned for its mild and sweet flavor, Italian oregano is a popular choice among chefs and home cooks. It features larger leaves and a milder aroma compared to Greek oregano. Italian oregano prefers full sun and well-drained soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. It grows well in containers, herb gardens, or as a border plant, adding a touch of elegance to your outdoor space.

Mexican Oregano (Lippia graveolens):

Adding a touch of vibrant spice to your culinary creations, Mexican oregano is not botanically related to the Mediterranean varieties but shares a similar flavor profile. It offers a hint of citrus and mild heat, making it a perfect complement to Mexican, Tex-Mex, and Latin American dishes. Mexican oregano prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. This variety is quite drought-tolerant and can withstand hot and dry conditions.

Cuban Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus):

Cuban oregano, also known as Spanish thyme or Mexican mint, is a versatile herb with a distinctive flavor and aroma. While not a true oregano, it is a member of the mint family. It features broad, succulent leaves and an intense fragrance reminiscent of thyme and oregano. Cuban oregano thrives in full sun or partial shade and well-drained soil. It is easy to grow and can even be cultivated as a houseplant or in hanging baskets.

Golden Oregano (Origanum vulgare 'Aureum'):

For a touch of visual delight in your herb garden, consider golden oregano. This variety boasts striking golden-yellow foliage that adds a pop of color to your landscape. Golden oregano prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It provides the same aromatic flavor as other oregano varieties, making it an excellent choice for both culinary and ornamental purposes.

Cultivation Tips

To successfully cultivate oregano, regardless of the variety, here are some essential tips to keep in mind:

Location and Sunlight: Oregano thrives in full sun, although some varieties tolerate partial shade. Select a well-drained spot in your garden or use containers if space is limited.

Soil: Oregano prefers well-drained soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Amend heavy or clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.

Watering: Oregano is drought-tolerant once established. Water it deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Avoid overwatering, as oregano is susceptible to root rot.

Pruning: Regular pruning helps maintain the shape and vigor of oregano plants. Trim after flowering or during spring to encourage bushier growth and prevent legginess.

Harvesting: Begin harvesting oregano leaves when the plants are well-established. Harvest in the morning, after the dew has evaporated but before the sun becomes too hot. Cut sprigs from the top of the plant, leaving enough foliage for it to continue growing.

Remember, oregano thrives in well-drained soil, ample sunlight, and proper watering practices. With a little care and attention, you can cultivate this versatile herb in your own garden, allowing you to infuse your dishes with the vibrant essence of the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Mexico, or even your own unique blend.

So, whether you're crafting a Greek salad, preparing a tantalizing pizza, or experimenting with fusion cuisine, let the diverse world of oregano be your guide, and savor the delicious results!

 

Oregano Varieties - Herb of the week

Oregano or Origanum is a genus of herbs that includes several species including Marjoram.  I have discussed Oregano and Marjoram before so this time I just want to point out the various species and why you should look for different ones to grow in your garden.

UPDATE: plant sale information was removed and golden oregano was added.

Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare, hirtum) This is the go to for fresh oregano in cooking.  It is highly fragrant, spicy tasting and can even leave a burning tingle in the mouth.  It is a hearty perennial that dies back to the ground in the fall, then reappears around the time the tulips bloom.  In the summer the tiny white flowers arrive on lacy stems.  When cooking, do not overdo it.  You want it to enhance, not overpower.  It is a fleeting flavor however, so if you do add too much, just cook the dish a bit longer to tone down the flavor.  It is a wonder with summer vegetables, like eggplant, tomato, peppers of all styles and white beans as well as a complement to meat dishes.

Sweet Marjoram (Origanum majorana) A tender perennial herb with a shallow root system that does not do well in colder winters, most grow it as an annual.  Marjoram attracts honey bees and helps the garden. The flavor and aroma are very herbaceous.  It is softer than oregano, with a slightly camphoric taste but not a fiery heat. The flower heads are tight green balls called knots that can be harvested and dried for flower arrangements or decorations.  The flavor is compatible with many varieties of foods, from summer vegetables to mushrooms, fish, meat and poultry.  It flavors stews, marinades, sautés, dressing, vinegars, butter, and oils making it a must have in most kitchens. You can even take it as a tea to relieve stomach upset and to assist with coughs.

Italian Oregano (Origanum x majoricum) A more recent cross between Greek oregano and Sweet marjoram, Italian oregano tastes like marjoram but has a more perennial habit of Greek oregano, but is not quite as hardy.  It goes to flower later in the season, and springs forth sooner in the spring giving it a longer harvest season than marjoram. An easy-growing plant for the garden or container.  In the garden, use this oregano as an edging plant. Plants spread when happy, rooting along the stems. Harvest leaves or stems anytime during the growing season. Flavor is most intense just before plants flower. Trim plants often to keep flower formation at bay. It has all the uses of both plants above.

Common Oregano (Origanum vulgare) This is an aggressive grower that this nearly identical to Greek oregano except the flowers are pink instead of white.  However, it has almost no flavor.  You will find it sold in garden centers marked as oregano (because it is) but it is not the culinary herb you may be looking for.  It can cross pollinate other oreganos diminishing their flavor or spread so much more quickly that it overtakes the more tasty varieties.  Because of these issues it is best to smell and taste the oregano at the garden center before you buy it to make sure it has the strong culinary flavor you desire.

Golden oregano (Origanum vulgare ‘Aureum’) get their name from their yellow to golden foliage that is the brightest and truest yellow in full sun and cooler weather. In the summer, the yellow leaves are covered in delicate pink and purple flowers. Golden oregano is very fragrant and has the classic oregano smell and taste that is in such demand in cooking.

Golden oregano is especially good for containers and small space gardening since the plants tend to spread out less vigorously than other varieties of oregano. Like all oregano it enjoys full sun but will grow in virtually any type of soil. They prefer moderate watering and can withstand drying. 

To care for any of these oregano varieties, cut them back if they begin to flower to keep the flavor at its peak and use them dried or fresh throughout the year.